https://www.amerfernsoc.org/spore-exchange-photos daily 0.75 2017-08-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501393164529-IAQXQ6VNVMMCOV69Y9UB/DSC06767.JPG Spore Exchange Photos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501393164529-IAQXQ6VNVMMCOV69Y9UB/DSC06767.JPG Spore Exchange Photos https://www.amerfernsoc.org/set-1 daily 0.75 2017-08-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768713851-L84BZNYV22X9QZA80XC2/DSC06767.jpeg Set 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768729899-AA2H2APFXZ4N4E12YCUQ/IMG_1686.jpg Set 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501824187903-KKJHCO0OXQQHE6JC71N1/IMG_0584.JPG Set 1 - bunny fern test https://www.amerfernsoc.org/set-2 daily 0.75 2017-08-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768803741-03AV5YRMXAMUXVI6GAYW/IMG_1677.JPG Set 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768803741-03AV5YRMXAMUXVI6GAYW/IMG_1677.JPG Set 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768828497-C4I2QFXT8Q0H5UCBUSLF/IMG_1679.JPG Set 2 https://www.amerfernsoc.org/home daily 1.0 2020-11-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488234320332-HWGT3TTSEBQ01NH5SU4F/5113399576_33317c6103_o.jpg American Fern Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488238556906-6O3PI4MQ9KG0V9F999CA/harald_sporangium.jpg American Fern Society Image by Harald Schneider. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1482387100110-RW373JJDYNUYUL0D3DQ7/image-asset.png American Fern Society https://www.amerfernsoc.org/membership daily 0.75 2023-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487804680573-1MAM1DV2DUD58ZZ2XBDV/27197921732_c43e367aa3_o.jpg AFS Membership https://www.amerfernsoc.org/council daily 0.75 2024-09-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488220826874-FP7SFMOJ2VRBRXJCN6ND/3261971526_3bfed567ed_o.jpg Council & Contacts https://www.amerfernsoc.org/partners daily 0.75 2021-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1482365825736-8FOMCIKMTCCGPX0H2VX9/Blechnum_spicant.JPG Partner Societies & Resources https://www.amerfernsoc.org/fiddlehead-forum daily 0.75 2023-08-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488260812403-OYPAQOB504OMGZITNY3S/Adiantum_venustum.jpg Fiddlehead Forum https://www.amerfernsoc.org/american-fern-journal daily 0.75 2023-08-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261091273-6T3BHCUHZ5QLVRB26U19/Sadleria_cyatheoides5.jpg American Fern Journal https://www.amerfernsoc.org/pteridologia daily 0.75 2023-08-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261164300-GOD51GJ1KJ3MH9V8RO25/Pleopeltis_conzattii.jpg Pteridologia https://www.amerfernsoc.org/arpr daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261258581-7E9M509RP9388O5KHG4C/Cibotium_glaucum.jpg Annual Review https://www.amerfernsoc.org/subscription-agents daily 0.75 2023-08-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261427149-UHVZ7ETOX5T6F0UVJI19/Lycopodiella_cernua.jpg For Subscription Agents https://www.amerfernsoc.org/spore-exchange-background daily 0.75 2025-10-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488262331762-EDUUMIQT7FZFIHAF9ITZ/Adenophorus_tenellus_sporangia_paraphyses.jpg Ordering information https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/245754bd-34c7-496c-82c8-187ff627ac31/AFS_official_logo.jpg Ordering information - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/7b094ab9-b39a-4d83-afaf-7984fa8c08dd/HFF+Logo+White.jpg Ordering information - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.amerfernsoc.org/how-to-collect-spores daily 0.75 2025-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1482389226892-W4QUZEDXZO886AU1TTO5/27170488840_638d2627d7_k.jpg How to collect spores https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1538569466434-U2AUU9WR2GEX6FWF4637/MVC-520L.JPG How to collect spores L-R: unripe, ripe, over-ripe spores of Polystichum tsus-simense. https://www.amerfernsoc.org/spore-inventory daily 0.75 2026-03-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1482389607899-9K9OJLCYI8U2BX2EP495/3261797216_abd5fe9bbc_b.jpg Spore inventory https://www.amerfernsoc.org/cultivation daily 0.75 2017-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261548241-K4HK9CSK9D07CTU22IAY/Marattia_douglasii.jpg General Cultivation https://www.amerfernsoc.org/fromspores daily 0.75 2017-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261667047-HG12Y07MIIZFDNQU0NOI/Aglaomorpha_brooksii.jpg Cultivation from spores https://www.amerfernsoc.org/specialty-ferns daily 0.75 2017-02-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261884926-JBVBR18N4Q34NWPBTZC5/3261133721_0335eab006_o.jpg Specialty Ferns https://www.amerfernsoc.org/xeric-ferns daily 0.75 2017-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1488261776667-V5I9X6WGLVL8GNVY3FZQ/Pellaea_truncata.jpg Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487801992352-8QW3JJ8D0BEPD4S55XK6/C+lanosa+at+Giant+City+State+Park2.jpg Xeric Ferns Myriopteris lanosa; Photo by Maria Palmieri, 2000 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802054310-UNJLQKCD7DV98LPRIY3D/C+feei+at+Reis+Biological+Station.jpg Xeric Ferns Myriopteris gracilis; photo by Maria Palmieri, 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802120939-ENDR1GA7S9J0J9VU8RHC/929+lm+1.gif Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802215314-PM5OCWGH5MIIK9L0RM3E/harvesting.jpg Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802315564-U1PWTYDJGQ2IERM1CT2H/mortar+and+pestle.gif Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802621822-OXZRC5SH3DW8ZL4SQE8B/sand.gif Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802832085-8BKG4FNL8JEMU1OEGCVW/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802875006-Y1R0V2SA5JPKFOFNYI01/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487802938309-QOWHITMW77CF30U392IS/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns A "dead" gametophyte (clear, brown cells) gives rise to a new filament (green). These are protonemal in nature and will give rise to a new gametophyte. Orange bar = 1 mm. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487803073562-BGXSQ4S3EQDFKTUMP4UY/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns Sporophytes emerge from M. gracilis gametophytes. On M. gracilis, the sporophyte pad (light green structure at right arrow) is light green. It may be brown on your favorite species. The emergent sporophyte is preceded and surrounded by a mass of white hairs (trichomes; left arrow). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487803144355-0J5PKA6GNRZINKFJPF14/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns Right: Young M. gracilis sporophytes rise above the gametophyte bed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1487803215154-6QNS7O30FTQCL7FHI8F2/image-asset.gif Xeric Ferns Sand grains glisten with moisture under a mat of M. gracilis gametophytes. To touch or the naked eye, these appear dry. https://www.amerfernsoc.org/about-ferns daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501767264251-VYTS63WXF0SYM8AZMUQG/Figure+3.jpg About Ferns https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501766933703-0G69WD6SZOCLB4Y97XLL/image-asset.png About Ferns Figure 1. Stele structure of seed plants and ferns, with extinct relatives, adapted from Kenrick and Crane, 1997. The position of the protoxylem is denoted by circles and lines within the stele. Open circles denote protoxylem lacunae. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501779626962-34MJUB4ZQPKCK215RDOB/Figure+2.png About Ferns Figure 2. Selected anatomical traits of ferns. Species represented is Polypodium remotum Desv., illustrated in Garden Ferns (1862) by William Hooker. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501766969372-SW9OR3TBYOPWUYPM2T0E/image-asset.jpeg About Ferns Figure 3. Sporangia grouped into a sorus. Courtesy of Rogelio Moreno. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501767016076-8OR02LW81HBL9E68PYZ5/image-asset.png About Ferns Figure 4. Individual sporangium with selective labeling. Courtesy of Rogelio Moreno. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501767040232-TTH6M4116YSDO38KLWMZ/image-asset.png About Ferns Figure 5. Currently accepted phylogeny of ferns, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG 1). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501768201027-S4OR79J3HX6BZZOOQ0ZJ/image-asset.png About Ferns Table 1. List of ferns and extinct relatives with their associated fossil record dates. Those groups that still exist are marked as ‘present’ (from Taylor, Taylor, and Kring, 2009). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501767093691-CRIAPS54ZILNZXTNWLDI/image-asset.png About Ferns Figure 6. Lifecycle of ferns, depicting the various modes of reproduction that can take place, excluding asexual reproduction, such as apomixis (from Sessa, Testo, and Watkins, 2016). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1501767123440-2LTWDZBWZGY7UHMQ9D1R/Figure+7.png About Ferns Figure 7. Various morphologies of fern gametophytes (from Pinson et al., 2017 and Paul K). https://www.amerfernsoc.org/fern-id-questions daily 0.75 2021-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1539782755834-YELF7GNH932BLNQAG3OO/Screen+Shot+2018-10-17+at+9.25.36+AM.png Fern ID & Questions https://www.amerfernsoc.org/new-page daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://www.amerfernsoc.org/journal-access daily 0.75 2021-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1614442700617-4USF1DCTCEUUKRUAMOHM/110.4.2020.cover.jpg Journal Access https://www.amerfernsoc.org/constitution daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://www.amerfernsoc.org/society-awards daily 0.75 2026-02-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/1675218987340-EZEVCQF4H37CLD1YBQH8/IMG_0046.JPG Awards https://www.amerfernsoc.org/courses-workshops daily 0.75 2023-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/58266cee414fb518a2a2167e/a52bcc69-ae0d-4ae4-bf28-a8a482793d89/2023-MoranTaylor.jpg Courses & Workshops - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.amerfernsoc.org/wherry-award daily 0.75 2023-07-24